Q & A
Carbon Credit Trading
1. Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Carbon credit transactions under this model are conducted through direct negotiation between the buyer and the seller, where both parties agree on key conditions such as price, volume, delivery terms, and payment methods. OTC transactions may occur through various channels, including:
- Direct negotiation between the buyer and seller
- Intermediaries, such as brokers or dealers
- Marketplaces that act as matching platforms, but do not function as a formal trading exchange
2. Exchange
This trading model operates through an exchange platform equipped with a matching engine that automatically matches buy and sell orders. This mechanism enables transparent, market-driven pricing and provides a more standardized reference price when compared with OTC transactions. In Thailand, a carbon credit exchange platform known as the FTIX Exchange was previously operated by the Federation of Thai Industries during 2023–2024. However, the platform has since ceased operations, and currently, Thailand does not have an active carbon credit exchange system in place.
A Carbon Credit Registry is an infrastructure system designed to manage the data and status of carbon credits, including holding, transferring, and retirement/cancellation for offsetting purposes. In Thailand, the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) serves as the Registrar, responsible for overseeing and administering the registry system, as well as verifying the accuracy of transactions recorded within the system to ensure that double counting and double claiming do not occur. It is important to note that the registry is not a trading platform. Rather, it functions as the post-trade accounting mechanism where registry actions are executed, such as transferring carbon credits from the seller to the buyer, or retiring credits once they are used for offsetting purposes. In summary, the registry serves as the country’s authoritative ledger of carbon credits, ensuring transparency, traceability, and the prevention of double counting. However, it does not act as a marketplace for trading.
Assessment of GHG Emissions
In accordance with the regulations and approval criteria issued by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO), the certification of carbon footprint labels is governed under the following regulatory frameworks:
- Regulation of the TGO Board on Criteria for Granting Approval to Use Certification Marks for Product Carbon Footprint, Organizational Carbon Footprint, Carbon Offset, and CoolMode Labels (2020), announced on 25 September 2020
- Criteria for Granting Approval to Use the Net Zero Emission Certification Mark (2023), announced on 10 November 2023
- Criteria for Granting Approval to Use the Carbon Footprint Reporting Platform Certification Mark (2023), announced on 10 November 2023
At present, TGO has established a total of eight (8) certification label types, as follows:
1. Carbon Footprint of Organization Label (CFO)
2. Carbon Footprint of Product Label (CFP)
3. Carbon Reduction Label (CFR) / Low Carbon Product Label
4. Circular Economy Carbon Footprint of Product Label (CE-CFP)
5. CoolMode Label
6. Carbon Offset Label / Carbon Neutral Label
7. Net Zero Emission Label
8. Carbon Footprint Reporting Platform Label
Notes:
1. For the Carbon Footprint of Product (CFP), Carbon Reduction (CFR), and Circular Economy Carbon Footprint of Product (CE-CFP) labels, only one fee will be charged if the company submits all applications together at the same time.
2. The above fees exclude VAT at the rate of 7%
Notes:
For self-declaration labels, please follow the instructions below.
1. Event level: Use the Zero Carbon application to calculate the carbon footprint.
2. Individual level: Use the Net Zero Man application to calculate the carbon footprint.
Carbon credits for offsetting can also be purchased directly through these applications, and the self-declaration label will be issued via the application.
Doing a Carbon Credit Project
The process consists of two main steps:
1. Project registration under the T-VER Programme
2. Carbon credit issuance after the project has been approved and implemented
Standard T-VER
More information: https://tver.tgo.or.th/index.php/th-standard/std-th-standard-t-ver
Premium T-VER
More information: https://tver.tgo.or.th/index.php/th-premium/pre-th-premium-t-ver
Climate and Environmental Change Act
The draft of Climate Change Act consists of 14 Chapters with 205 Sections and transitional provisions. It is designed to provide Thailand with clear mitigation and adaptation targets while ensuring that the public and the private sector can meaningfully participate in policy-making planning and implementation. The law will enable the balanced use of carbon pricing instruments including an emissions trading system, carbon border adjustment mechanisms, carbon taxes and carbon credits. It will also accelerate financial support through a Climate Fund to generate liquidity in the economy for public and private investment aimed at strengthening resilience, reducing overall loss and damage, and supporting the transition to a low-emission economy that remains competitive in international trade.
Source: Department of Climate Change and Environment, Thailand
On 2 December 2025, the Cabinet approved in principle the draft Climate Change Act B.E. …, which will serve as Thailand’s first major legal foundation for addressing global warming in cooperation with the international community. The draft law establishes official mechanisms for the government to work with all sectors in managing the impacts of severe climate change, and for enhancing Thailand’s capacity to pursue low-carbon trade in line with its commitment to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 (Net Zero 2050). This will equip Thailand with legal tools and opportunities to build resilience for the nation and its people and to respond to climate impacts in an effective and sustainable manner.
The draft Act has been designed to combine regulatory obligations with supportive measures in a balanced way so as to maximise benefits for all sectors. It has undergone a full public consultation process in accordance with relevant regulations and legislation. It is therefore expected that the draft will be promptly reviewed by the Office of the Council of State and subsequently submitted to Parliament for consideration, so that it can enter into force without delay.
Source: Department of Climate Change and Environment, Thailand
